This installed PV solar energy estimate does not include land cost, taxes, additional infrastructure, or any other cost. And, additional at-load losses when the solar collection minimum service hours can not be met because of less than ideal weather, nor the cost of future growth.
The above megawatt estimated requirements are for the replacement of energy and fuels consumed for electricity, heating and cooling, gasoline transportation fuels converted to its electric megawatt equivalent utilizing solar PV. We utilize Hawaii's minimum annual ideal weather 30-year monthly-averaged useful daily hours of solar concentration. These conversions would be Hawaii's approximate energy demand equivalents in terms of energy, land, and cost. For this conversion data set, one solar PV megawatt is equal to approximately six acres. However, other solar PV installations are currently utilizing up to ten or more acres per installed megawatt. There are thermal solar installations utilizing 44 acres per installed megawatt. ("resulting in a land-to-power ratio of 44 acres (180,000 m ) per 1 megawatt.") ref; Thermal Power Towers - "Power Tower Designs" wikipedia
Source: Independent Statistics Analysis
U.S. Energy Information Administration
2
Coal Fired
Natural Gas Fired
Motor Gasoline
Distillate Fuel Oil
LPG
Residual Fuel
Other Petroleum
Nuclear Electric Power
Hydroelectric
Biomass
Other Renewables
U.S. Accumulative + DC Solar PV To Replace Fuels & Energy (2014)
11 State Subtotal: $34,182,462,000,000 USD
11 State Subtotal Acreage: 34,182,462
To replace Hawaii's energy and fuels consumption with solar PV the estimates are as follows.
Note; The replacement of gasoline combustion vehicles replaced by electric vehicles would have net reduction of energy effect of approximately 1,255 megawatts per hour. (Example; Chevy Volt automobile with a rating of 100 miles per 38 kilowatt hours with an 80% recharge in 20 minutes.) This would have a net reduction of 11,002,936 mWh's annually and 5,522 installed megawatts on 33,132 acres. Currently Hawaii consumes 405,975,491 gallons of gasoline annually which is equivalent to 14,858,703 megawatt hours. Electric vehicles similar to the Chevy Volt would only utilize about 3,856,767 megawatt hours for the same rated miles when compared to an automobile combustion ratio of 25 mpg for a total of 1,014,387,275 miles driven in Hawaii. This would also have the affect of reducing the consumption of gasoline in terms of energy by 300,872,568 gallons of gasoline. This would also reduce the equivalent of 2,903,420 tons of carbon dioxide emissions. One gallon of U.S. automotive gasoline is equivalent to 36.6 kilowatt hours of electricity.
Hawaii Energy Consumption Estimates - 2014
Other Hawaii Spent Same Source Consumption
Trillions of btu's converted to megawatthour equivalents
Electric Power Net Generation by Primary Energy
Source and Industry Sector - April 2016
(Megawatthours)
"Electric Power Net Generation by Primary Energy Source and Industry Sector" Public Information
Total
2
Cost: $177,240,000,000 USD
($6,000,000 USD per installed megawatt - BP Solar quote 2001, and others. +)
41.2 %
Square Miles Water Net Land Sq Miles Net Land Acres
10,931 4,503 sq mi 6,428 4,113,646
Average Available Sunlit Hours: Minimum Maximum Multiplier
SolarDirect.com 5.59 6.71 4.29 (24/5.59)
Lithor.com Copyright 2012-16 | All Rights Reserved
"Solar Radiation for 2-Axis Tracking Flat-Plate Collectors (kWh/m /day) Uncertainty ± 9%" Hawaii
60,329,780 megawatthours divided by 8,760 hours per year = 6,886 megawatts per hour averaged
x 4.29 (multplier) = 29,540 mW p/hr minimum under ideal weather averaged - accessible with battery storage
x 6 acres = 177,240 acres
= 1 acre of solar PV in every 23.21 acres
= 27.57 acres of every sq mile of Hawaii's land surface. (excluding surface water acreage)
U.S. Department of Energy
1000 Independence Ave., SW
Washington, DC 20585
132,000
--
--
--
--
--
497,000
--
--
--
101,000
730,000
Solar PV to replace all of Hawaii's spent fuels: 276 sq miles
= 1 square mile of solar PV in every 23.21 square miles of Hawaii's land surface (excluding surface water)
4,908,822
58,614
14,858,703
7,385,391
937,827
18,199,714
5,042,043
--
263,763
3,223,781
4,721,122
59,599,780
730,000
60,329,780
Hawaii
(Includes production less power generation)
Coal
Natural Gas
Motor Gasoline
Distillate Fuel Oil
LPG
Residual Fuel
Other Petroleum
Nuclear Electric Power
Hydroelectric
Biomass
Other Renewables
Other Spent Energy Same Source Data: Lithor
Conversion Tool: "Online Conversion"
http://www.onlineconversion.com/