To replace South Carolina's energy and fuels consumption with solar PV the estimates are as follows.
U.S. Department of Energy
1000 Independence Ave., SW
Washington, DC 20585
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South Carolina
2
Note; The replacement of gasoline combustion vehicles replaced by electric vehicles would have net reduction of energy effect of approximately 7,453 megawatts per hour. (Example; Chevy Volt automobile with a rating of 100 miles per 38 kilowatt hours with an 80% recharge in 20 minutes.) This would have a net reduction of 65,295,516 mWh's annually and 38,830 installed megawatts on 232,980 acres. Currently South Carolina consumes 2,409,428,633 gallons of gasoline annually which is equivalent to 88,185,088 megawatt hours. Electric vehicles similar to the Chevy Volt would only utilize about 22,889,572 megawatt hours for the same rated miles when compared to an automobile combustion ratio of 25 mpg for a total of 60,235,715,825 miles driven in South Carolina. This would also have the affect of reducing the consumption of gasoline in terms of energy by 1,784,030,491 gallons of gasoline. This would also reduce the equivalent of 17,215,894 tons of carbon dioxide emissions. One gallon of U.S. automotive gasoline is equivalent to 36.6 kilowatt hours of electricity.
Electric Power Net Generation by Primary Energy
Source and Industry Sector - March 2016
(Megawatthours)
U.S. Accumulative + DC Solar PV To Replace Fuels & Energy (2014)
40 State Subtotal: $165,313,798,000,000 USD
40 State Subtotal Acreage: 165,313,798
1,531,000
793,000
--
--
--
--
--
4,644,000
273,000
--
179,000
7,420,000
This installed PV solar energy estimate does not include land cost, taxes, additional infrastructure, or any other cost. And, additional at-load losses when the solar collection minimum service hours can not be met because of less than ideal weather, nor the cost of future growth.
6%
Square Miles Water Net Land Sq Miles Net Land Acres
32,020 1921 sq miles 30,099 19,263,360
http://www.eia.gov/state/?sid=SC#tabs-1
http://www.eia.gov/state/
http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/pubs/redbook/#maps
Total
88,060,830
68,342,468
88,185,088
34,260,009
2,842,789
2,110,111
9,759,267
156,017,567
6,877,934
35,842,593
37,011,720
529,310,376
7,420,000
536,730,376
South Carolina Energy Consumption Estimates - 2014
Other South Carolina Spent Same Source Consumption
Trillions of btu's converted to megawatthour equivalents
(Includes production less power generation)
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Cost: $2,084,400,000,000 USD
($6,000,000 USD per installed megawatt - BP Solar quote 2001, and others. +)
Coal Fired
Natural Gas Fired
Motor Gasoline
Distillate Fuel Oil
LPG
Residual Fuel
Other Petroleum
Nuclear Electric Power
Hydroelectric
Biomass
Other Renewables
Source: Independent Statistics Analysis
U.S. Energy Information Administration
The above megawatt estimated requirements are for the replacement of energy and fuels consumed for electricity, heating and cooling, gasoline transportation fuels converted to its electric megawatt equivalent utilizing solar PV. We utilize South Carolina's minimum annual ideal weather 30-year monthly-averaged useful daily hours of solar concentration. These conversions would be South Carolina's approximate energy demand equivalents in terms of energy, land, and cost. For this conversion data set, one solar PV megawatt is equal to approximately six acres. However, other solar PV installations are currently utilizing up to ten or more acres per installed megawatt. There are thermal solar installations utilizing 44 acres per installed megawatt. ("resulting in a land-to-power ratio of 44 acres (180,000 m ) per 1 megawatt.") ref; Thermal Power Towers - "Power Tower Designs" wikipedia
"Solar Radiation for 2-Axis Tracking Flat-Plate Collectors (kWh/m /day) Uncertainty ± 9%" South Carolina
Other Spent Energy Same Source Data: Lithor
Conversion Tool: "Online Conversion"
http://www.onlineconversion.com/
Coal Fired
Natural Gas Fired
Motor Gasoline
Distillate Fuel Oil
LPG
Residual Fuel
Other Petroleum
Nuclear Electric Power
Hydroelectric
Biomass
Other Renewables
Average Available Sunlit Hours: Minimum Maximum Multiplier
SolarDirect.com 4.23 5.72 5.67 (24/4.23)
Solar PV to replace all of South Carolina's spent fuels: 3,256 sq miles
= 1 square mile of solar PV in every 9.24 square miles of South Carolina's land surface (excluding surface water)
536,730,376 megawatthours divided by 8,760 hours per year = 61,270 megawatts per hour averaged
x 5.67 (multplier) = 347,400 mW p/hr minimum under ideal weather averaged - accessible with battery storage
x 6 acres = 2,084,400 acres
= 1 acre of solar PV in every 9.24 acres
= 69.26 acres of every sq mile of South Carolina's land surface. (excluding surface water acreage)