U.S. Department of Energy
1000 Independence Ave., SW
Washington, DC 20585
Coal Fired
Natural Gas Fired
Motor Gasoline
Distillate Fuel Oil
LPG
Residual Fuel
Other Petroleum
Nuclear Electric Power
Hydroelectric
Biomass
Other Renewables
Source: Independent Statistics Analysis
U.S. Energy Information Administration
2
174,670,359 megawatthours divided by 8,760 hours per year = 19,939 megawatts per hour averaged
x 5.26 (multplier) = 104,879 mW p/hr minimum under ideal weather averaged - accessible with battery storage
x 6 acres = 629,274 acres
= 1 acre of solar PV in every 77.09 acres
= 8.30 acres of every sq mile of South Dakota's land surface. (excluding surface water acreage)
Cost: $629,274,000,000 USD
($6,000,000 USD per installed megawatt - BP Solar quote 2001, and others. +)
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152,000
106,000
--
--
--
--
--
--
299,000
--
284,000
841,000
9,548,652
24,365,435
14,770,782
13,364,041
1,963,576
--
1,611,890
--
15,028,617
18,375,556
22,897,922
42,319,464
3,047,939
6,535,485
173,829,359
841,000
174,670,359
Coal Fired
Natural Gas Fired
Motor Gasoline
Distillate Fuel Oil
LPG
Residual Fuel
Other Petroleum
Nuclear Electric Power
Hydroelectric
Biomass
Other Renewables
Biofuels
Crude Oil
Net Interstate Flow of Electricity
South Dakota
Total
Solar PV to replace all of South Dakota's spent fuels: 983 sq miles
= 1 square mile of solar PV in every 77.09 square miles of South Dakota's land surface (excluding surface water)
Note; The replacement of gasoline combustion vehicles replaced by electric vehicles would have net reduction of energy effect of approximately 1,242 megawatts per hour. (Example; Chevy Volt automobile with a rating of 100 miles per 38 kilowatt hours with an 80% recharge in 20 minutes.) This would have a net reduction of 10,886,836 mWh's annually and 8,271 installed megawatts on 49,626 acres. Currently South Dakota consumes 403,573,278 gallons of gasoline annually which is equivalent to 14,770,782 megawatt hours. Electric vehicles similar to the Chevy Volt would only utilize about 3,833,946 megawatt hours for the same rated miles when compared to an automobile combustion ratio of 25 mpg for a total of 10,089,331,950 miles driven in South Dakota. This would also have the affect of reducing the consumption of gasoline in terms of energy by 297,454,535 gallons of gasoline. This would also reduce the equivalent of 2,870,436 tons of carbon dioxide emissions. One gallon of U.S. automotive gasoline is equivalent to 36.6 kilowatt hours of electricity.
Other Spent Energy Same Source Data: Lithor
Conversion Tool: "Online Conversion"
http://www.onlineconversion.com/
To replace South Dakota's energy and fuels consumption with solar PV the estimates are as follows.
1.7%
Square Miles Water Net Land Sq Miles Net Land Acres
77,116 1,310 sq miles 75,806 48,515,840
U.S. Accumulative + DC Solar PV To Replace Fuels & Energy (2014)
41 State Subtotal: $165,943,710,000,000 USD
41 State Subtotal Acreage: 165,943,710
The above megawatt estimated requirements are for the replacement of energy and fuels consumed for electricity, heating and cooling, gasoline transportation fuels converted to its electric megawatt equivalent utilizing solar PV. We utilize South Dakota's minimum annual ideal weather 30-year monthly-averaged useful daily hours of solar concentration. These conversions would be South Dakota's approximate energy demand equivalents in terms of energy, land, and cost. For this conversion data set, one solar PV megawatt is equal to approximately six acres. However, other solar PV installations are currently utilizing up to ten or more acres per installed megawatt. There are thermal solar installations utilizing 44 acres per installed megawatt. ("resulting in a land-to-power ratio of 44 acres (180,000 m ) per 1 megawatt.") ref; Thermal Power Towers - "Power Tower Designs" wikipedia
2
South Dakota Energy Consumption Estimates - 2014
Other South Dakota Spent Same Source Consumption
Trillions of btu's converted to megawatthour equivalents
(Includes production less power generation)
Electric Power Net Generation by Primary Energy
Source and Industry Sector - March 2016
(Megawatthours)
Average Available Sunlit Hours: Minimum Maximum Multiplier
SolarDirect.com 4.56 5.91 5.26 (24/4.56)
This installed PV solar energy estimate does not include land cost, taxes, additional infrastructure, or any other cost. And, additional at-load losses when the solar collection minimum service hours can not be met because of less than ideal weather, nor the cost of future growth.
"Solar Radiation for 2-Axis Tracking Flat-Plate Collectors (kWh/m /day) Uncertainty ± 9%" South Dakota